Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, affectionately known as Sam Bahadur, was one of India’s most legendary military leaders. Born on April 3, 1914, in Amritsar, Punjab, his life was a saga of courage, humor, and remarkable leadership. Manekshaw was the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the rank of Field Marshal, and his decisive leadership during the 1971 Indo-Pak War earned India its greatest military triumph, leading to the creation of Bangladesh.
Early Life and Military Career
Born on April 3, 1914, in Amritsar, Punjab, Sam Manekshaw was the fifth of six children in a Parsi family. His father, a doctor, initially wanted him to follow in his footsteps, but Sam had other plans. He became one of the first batch of cadets to graduate from the Indian Military Academy (IMA), Dehradun, in 1934. Commissioned into the British Indian Army, he joined the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment.
His early years in the army were marked by his service in Burma (present-day Myanmar) during World War II. In one famous incident, Manekshaw was grievously wounded in action when he led an assault against Japanese forces. He was severely wounded by a machine-gun burst, taking multiple bullets to his stomach. Major General Cowan saw him lying severely wounded after success of a military offensive against Japanese. He quickly pinned his military cross ribbon to Maneck shaw saying, “a dead man cannot be awarded a Military cross ”
A young British doctor, seeing the extent of his injuries, asked him what had happened. Manekshaw, ever the quick wit, replied, “I was kicked by a mule.” His humor never faltered, even in the face of death. The doctor, impressed by his spirit, ensured he received immediate and thorough medical attention, saving his life.
Humor and Wit: Manekshaw’s Signature Style
Manekshaw’s wit was legendary. Whether addressing soldiers, politicians, or the press, his sharp humor left a lasting impression. Here are some memorable anecdotes:
The Promotion Letter
When Manekshaw was promoted to Field Marshal in 1973, he famously remarked:
“I don’t think my wife will be impressed. She still bosses me around at home!”
During a Court Martial
In a court martial hearing where Manekshaw was being cross-examined, the opposing lawyer tried to provoke him, saying, “Do you know, General, I could have you hanged for lying?”
Manekshaw replied with a deadpan face:
“You are allowed to punish perjury, not wit.”
The 1971 War and Indira Gandhi
Before the 1971 Indo-Pak War, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asked Manekshaw if the Army was ready. He famously replied:
“I am always ready, sweetie, but I am a soldier. I don’t go in unless I know I will win.”
Recruitment Talk
Once, addressing a group of young men hesitant to join the Army, he said:
“If you think you will die, don’t join. But remember, if you don’t join, the country might die.”
The Indo-Pak War of 1971
Sam Manekshaw’s finest hour came during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. As the Chief of Army Staff, he displayed strategic brilliance and political acumen. When asked to move troops hastily, he resisted, insisting on thorough preparation to ensure victory. Addressing Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, he famously said, “I guarantee you 100% victory if you let me handle it my way.”
The result was a lightning campaign that lasted just 13 days, the shortest war in history, culminating in the surrender of 93,000 Pakistani troops—the largest surrender since World War II. Bangladesh was born, and Manekshaw’s name became synonymous with military genius.
His Words on Leadership
“If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha.”
Manekshaw also emphasized the importance of integrity:
“Professional knowledge and professional competence are a must. But character is even more important.”
Interesting Stories and Anecdotes
The Missing Pants
During World War II, after being wounded, Manekshaw found himself in a British hospital. When the nurse offered him his trousers, he refused, saying,
“Young lady, a soldier does not wear trousers without a crease. Iron them first.”
Defying the British General
During his early days, a British general once questioned his loyalty. Manekshaw shot back:
“You can take my name off the Army rolls, but I’ll still be an Indian and a soldier.”
Meeting with Jinnah
In 1947, Manekshaw met Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who asked him about his future plans. Manekshaw reportedly said:
“I’m staying with my Army and my India. I’ve no time for politics.”
Legacy and Honors
- Field Marshal Rank: The only other Indian officer to receive this honor was Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa.
- Padma Vibhushan: India’s second-highest civilian award.
- Known for his unbiased leadership, he commanded respect across ranks, communities, and political lines.
Manekshaw passed away on June 27, 2008, at the age of 94. Despite his monumental contributions, his funeral in Wellington, Tamil Nadu, was a low-key affair, as he had wished.
Quotes by Sam Manekshaw
Here’s a compilation of some of his most iconic quotes:
- “If anyone tells you he is never afraid, he is a liar or a Gurkha.”
- “A ‘yes man’ is a dangerous man in any walk of life.”
- “Discipline is the backbone of the Army. Without it, you have no army.”
- “A leader is not a person who can do the work of ten men. He is a person who can make ten men work.”
- “I wonder whether those of you who have never seen war realize what happens when the nation goes to war.”
Manekshaw’s Sardonic Sense of Humor
The Retirement Quip
When asked about his post-retirement plans, Manekshaw replied:
“I’m going to grow gladioli and potatoes and spend time with my grandchildren. And perhaps tell the government what not to do.”
Addressing New Recruits
At a gathering of new recruits, a young officer asked him, “Sir, what makes a good officer?”
Manekshaw responded:
“A good officer is one who doesn’t have to shout to be heard, doesn’t have to abuse to be obeyed, and doesn’t have to punish to get discipline.”
A Lesson on Leadership
During a leadership training session, a young officer asked:
“What do I need to do to become a great leader like you, sir?”
Manekshaw’s reply was as sharp as ever:
“Be honest. Be fair. And never let your subordinates down, no matter what.”
The Chicken Curry Incident
Once, at a mess dinner, the cook served undercooked chicken curry to Manekshaw. Instead of reprimanding the cook, he tasted it and said,
“Ah, this reminds me of my time in the jungle. Excellent camouflage. Now make it edible.”
The story spread among the soldiers, earning him respect for his approachability and fairness.
Meeting a Grumpy Junior Officer
During an inspection, a junior officer was particularly curt in his responses. Noticing this, Manekshaw asked:
“Young man, are you upset?”
The officer hesitated but admitted, “Yes, sir, I haven’t been home in six months.”
Manekshaw immediately ordered his leave, saying,
“A soldier who misses home cannot fight for it. Go visit your family and come back refreshed.”
The ‘Do Nothing’ Philosophy
Manekshaw once said,
“Sometimes, the best thing a leader can do is nothing at all.”
He practiced this during moments of chaos, choosing to observe and let the dust settle before making a decision. His calm demeanor inspired confidence in those around him.
A General’s Visit to the Frontlines
During the 1971 war, Manekshaw visited the frontlines. Soldiers were surprised to see their commander in a war zone.
One soldier nervously saluted and said, “Sir, isn’t it dangerous for you to be here?”
Manekshaw smiled and replied,
“Son, if I don’t risk my life, why should I expect you to risk yours?”
Helping an officer with his luggage
The incident took place during his tenure as a commanding officer in the Indian Army, though the exact timeline is often debated. Manekshaw was known for visiting forward areas to personally inspect the situation and interact with officers and soldiers on the ground. On one such occasion, a young officer, newly posted to his division, was struggling with a task and seemed somewhat unsure of himself.
Manekshaw, always approachable and observant, noticed the officer’s discomfort and decided to step in to help. Walking up to the officer, he began assisting him with the task, showing him the ropes without making a big deal of it. The young officer, unaware of Manekshaw’s rank and identity, mistook him for someone in a junior role or a staff member.
With a sense of camaraderie, the officer casually remarked something along the lines of, “Thank you for helping me out. What do you do here in the division?”
Manekshaw, never one to miss an opportunity for a witty response, smiled and replied with his trademark charm, “Oh, I help officers like you. But in my free time, I command this infantry division.”
The young officer froze, realizing he had been speaking to none other than his commanding officer, the illustrious Sam Manekshaw himself. Flustered and embarrassed, he began to apologize profusely, but Manekshaw waved it off with a chuckle, easing the tension with his characteristic good humor.
The Bangles Story
It was a time when the Indian Army was dealing with insurgencies in the North Eastern states, and decisive action was critical to maintaining control and ensuring peace in the region.
During this period, Manekshaw was closely monitoring operations in Mizoram, where a particular battalion had been tasked with counter-insurgency operations. The battalion’s commander, however, was displaying a cautious approach, seemingly avoiding direct engagement with hostile forces. Whether it was out of over-calculated caution, hesitation, or fear of losses, the inaction was beginning to frustrate Manekshaw, who believed in proactive leadership and aggressive tactics when the situation demanded it.
Known for his no-nonsense attitude and unflinching resolve, Manekshaw decided to take matters into his own hands—but in a way that only he could. Instead of a stern reprimand or a formal directive, he chose humor to deliver a scathing yet motivating message.
He sent a package to the commander of the battalion. Inside were a set of colorful bangles, traditionally worn by women in India, along with a handwritten note. The note read:
“If you’re trying to avoid contact with the hostile, give these to your men to wear.”
The message was clear: if the commander and his men lacked the courage to confront the enemy, they might as well give up the pretense of being soldiers. The gesture was sharp, biting, and impossible to ignore.
The bangles and the note had an immediate effect. The commander, thoroughly embarrassed and possibly stung by the implication, took the message to heart. Shortly after receiving Manekshaw’s “gift,” the battalion swung into action. With renewed vigor and determination, they launched a series of bold operations against the insurgents. Their efforts not only restored their own reputation but also achieved tangible results in the troubled region.
As news of the successful operation reached Manekshaw, he couldn’t resist adding a final touch to the episode. He sent another note to the battalion commander, this time with a wry follow-up:
“Send the bangles back.”
The second note was Manekshaw’s way of acknowledging the commander’s change in approach and recognizing the battalion’s successful performance. It was his way of closing the chapter on a high note, with his trademark humor intact.
The 1962 War and the Retreating Troops
During the Sino-Indian War of 1962, Manekshaw was tasked with stabilizing the retreating forces. In his characteristic style, he addressed the troops: “Gentlemen, there will be no withdrawal without written orders, and these orders shall never be issued.” His firm words rallied the soldiers, helping to restore some semblance of order in a chaotic situation.
Speech in the Defense Services College, Wellington (1998)
Following is an excerpt of his speech given at Defense Services College, Wellington (1998). It tells a lot about the leader Sam Manekshaw was:
..In World War II, my battalion, which is now in Pakistan, was fighting the Japanese. We had a great many casualties. I was commanding Charlie Company, which was a Sikh Company. The Frontier Force Regiment in those days had Pathan ompanies. I was commanding the Sikh Company, young Major Manekshaw. As we were having too many casualties, we had pulled back to reorganize, re-group, make up our casualties and promotions.
The Commanding Officer had a promotion conference. He turned to me and said, “Sam, we have to make lots of promotions. In your Sikh company, you have had a lot of casualties. Surat Singh is a senior man. Should we promote him to the rank of Naik?” Now, Surat Singh was the biggest Badmaash in my company. He had been promoted twice or three times and each time he had to be marched up in front of the Colonel for his stripes to be taken off. So I said, “No use, Sir, promoting Surat Singh. You promote him today and the day after tomorrow, I will have to march him in front of you to take his stripes off”. So, Surat Singh was passed over. The promotion conference was over, I had lunch in the Mess and I came back to my company lines. Now, those of you who have served with Sikhs will know that they are very cheerful lot- always laughing, joking and doing something. When I arrived at my company lines that day, it was quite different, everybody was quiet. When my second-in-command, Subedar Balwant Singh, met me I asked him, “What has happened, Subedar Sahib?” He said, “Sahib, something terrible has happened. Surat Singh felt slighted and has told everybody that he is going to shoot you today”.
Surat Singh was a light machine gunner, and was armed with a pistol. His pistol had been taken away, and Surat Singh has been put under close arrest. I said, “All right, Sahib. Put up a table, a soap box, march Surat Singh in front of me”. So he was marched up. The charge was read out- ‘threatening to shoot his Commanding officer whilst on active service in the theatre of war’. That carries the death penalty. The witnesses gave their evidence. I asked for Surat Singh’s pistol which was handed to me. I loaded it, rose from my soap box, walked up to Surat Singh, handed the pistol to him then turned round and told him, “You said you will shoot me”. I spoke to him in Punjabi naturally. I told him, “Have you got the guts to shoot me? Here, shoot me”. He looked at me stupidly and said, “Nahin, Sahib, galtee ho gayaa” (No, sir I have made a mistake). I gave him a tight slap and said, “Go out, case dismissed”.
I went around the company lines, the whole company watching what was happening. I walked around, chatted to the people, went to the Mess in the evening to have a drink, and have my dinner, but when I came back again Sardar Balwant Singh said, “Nahin Sahib, you have made a great mistake. Surat Singh will shoot you tonight”.
I said, “Bulao Surat Singh ko”. (Call Surat Singh)
He came along. I said, “Surat Singh, aj rat ko mere tambu par tu pehra dega, or kal subah 6 bjay, mere liye aik mug chai aur aik mug shaving water lana” (Surat Singh, you will stand guard by my tent tonight, and tomorrow morning 6 AM, you will fetch me one mug of tea and a mug of shaving water). Then I walked into my little tent.
Ladies and Gentlemen, I did not sleep the whole night. Next morning, at six o’clock, Surat Singh brought me a mug of tea and a mug of shaving water, thereafter, throughout the war, Surat Singh followed me like a puppy. If I had shown fear in front of my men, I should never have been able to command. I was frightened, terribly frightened, but I dared not show fear in front of them. Those of you, who are going to command soldiers, remember that. You must never show fear. So much for physical courage, but, please believe me, I am still a very frightened man. I am not a brave man..
Click here to hear the full speech.
The Enduring Charm of Sam Bahadur
Manekshaw’s life is a masterclass in leadership, courage, and humility. His ability to lead with humor and grace, even under immense pressure, makes him a timeless icon. From his daring exploits in World War II to his brilliant strategies in 1971, he embodied the spirit of a true soldier.
Through his memorable quotes, anecdotes, and actions, Manekshaw continues to inspire generations, reminding us of the importance of leadership, wit, and unwavering dedication to one’s duty.
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